DEFINITION
Major depression is severe and continuous feelings of sadness that may
result in decreased activity, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, and senses of guilt and
hopelessness. It is a biologically mediated brain disorder which occurs with depletions of
the critical brain neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine.
CHARACTERISTICS
Depressive disorders come in various forms. They are lasting, not
transient. They are not short periods of sadness related to seasonal events. They are not
intense grief associated with the loss of a loved one. Some disorders occur suddenly for
no apparent reason. Some are triggered by a stressful experience. Some symptoms are so
severe that people cannot function as usual. Some people function as normal, but have
chronic symptoms that keep them from feeling really well.
SYMPTOMS
At times, depressive disorders masquerade as persistent physical
symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and
chronic pain. Anyone who experiences four or more of these symptoms for more than two
weeks, or whose usual functioning has become impaired by such symptoms, may have a
depressive disorder that should be evaluated by a psychiatrist.
 | Persistent, sad or anxious empty mood. |
| Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism. |
| Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness. |
| Loss of interest or pleasure in ordinary activities including sex.
|
| Sleep disturbances (insomnia, early morning waking, oversleeping).
|
| Eating disturbances (changes in appetite and/or weight loss or gain).
|
| Decreased energy, fatigue, being slowed down. |
| Suicidal ideation, becoming involved in a pattern of dangerous
"accidents", passively wishing to be dead. |
